Alloy‌‌ systems of high performance are typically the first material choice when it comes to aggressive chemical processing, heat exchangers, and pollution control equipment in which highly corrosion resistant and mechanically stable materials are the most suitable. In such applications, the US projects that require the fabrication or refurbishment of facilities generally use Hastelloy C22 Plate made-of nickel chromium molybdenum which gives the alloy a complex nature thus the resistance of this alloy to corrosion such as pitting, crevice corrosion, and even stress corrosion cracking when exposed to both oxidizing and reducing environments can be considered as outstanding.

According to the engineering specifications, ASTM B575 is the refer-ence standard for a plate thickness of from 3 mm to 50 mm, being in a solution-annealed state and having flatness tolerances. Fabrication issues also revolve around weldability with compatible filler metals, tempered heat input and weld post cleaning so that the alloy integrity remains intact. Besides, ASME design codes are applied to assure that the dimension between tubing and plate components used in parallel process systems will be compatible under the allowed pressure and temperature limits.

Pharmaceutical and semiconductor sectors, among others, depend a lot on precise tubing to guarantee an unchangeable flow and a consistent surface finish. Normally, the specifications require SS 304 EP tubes for factories produced as per ASTM A213 or A269, with an electropolished internal surface less than 0.5 microns roughness, close OD tolerances, and lengths suitable for orbital welding. What is inside the pipe such as tubing hence the need for the corrosion resistant alloy plates in order to have a uniform continue in the whole process assemblies is something that the projects' demands generally link the requirements of such tubing ‌‌with.